Oral Care Compositions and Methods of Use

ABSTRACT

Described herein are oral care compositions comprising a basic amino acid; a combination of zinc ion sources; and a thickening system comprising a nonionic cellulose ether having a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of 4500 to 7500 cps; and a polysaccharide gum; along with methods of making and using same.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of priority from PCT/CN 2016/086994, filed Jun. 24, 2016, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Arginine-based oral care compositions generally include some combination of polymers, abrasive(s); and in some instances, additional active ingredients. In those instances where additional active ingredients are included and comprise cationic metal ions, e.g. zinc, maintaining the physical stability of the composition is a challenge because of the interaction between these cationic metal ions and certain polymeric components and abrasive systems.

The use of certain abrasives or specific concentrations of particular polymers are two ways in which the stability issues have been addressed. However, these methods have generally focused individually on stand-up (i.e., appearance on the brush) and squeezability from packaging (toothpaste tubes). As such, there remains a need to reconcile these physical stability and rheological concerns. Certain embodiments of the present invention are designed to address this need.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Some embodiments of the present invention provide oral care compositions comprising a basic amino acid in free or salt wherein the amino acid is selected from arginine, lysine, and a combination thereof; a combination of zinc ion sources; and a thickening system comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether; and from about 0.25 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum. In some embodiments, the nonionic cellulose ether is hydroxyethylcellulose and the polysaccharide gum is xanthan gum.

Other embodiments provide compositions further comprising a silica abrasive which exhibits an approximately neutral pH when measured in an aqueous medium. Still further embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising a basic amino acid in free or salt wherein the amino acid is selected from arginine, lysine, and a combination thereof; a combination of zinc ion sources; a thickening system comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether; and from about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum; and a silica abrasive which exhibits an approximately neutral pH when measured in an aqueous medium.

In some embodiments, the oral care compositions of the present invention demonstrate the ability to avoid viscosity loss and maintain static yield stress over an extended period of time, e.g. after one year.

In one aspect the invention is an oral care composition (Composition 1.0) comprising:

-   -   a. A basic amino acid in free or salt from, wherein the amino         acid is selected from arginine, lysine, and combinations         thereof; (e.g., free form arginine);     -   b. zinc oxide and zinc citrate;     -   c. a fluoride source (e.g., sodium fluoride); and     -   d. a silica abrasive which exhibits an acid pH when measured as         an aqueous slurry (e.g., prophy silica).

For example, the invention contemplates any of the following compositions (unless otherwise indicated, values are given as percentage of the overall weight of the composition):

-   1.01 Composition 1.0 wherein the silica abrasive which exhibits an     acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry is prophy -   1.02 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the silica abrasive     which exhibits an acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry is     Sylodent 783. -   1.03 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the silica abrasive     exhibits a pH of 3.5-4.5 in an aqueous slurry of the abrasive. -   1.04 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the silica abrasive     which exhibits an acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry is     present in an amount from 2 to 35 weight percent. -   1.05 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the silica abrasive     which exhibits an acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry is     present in an amount from 3 to 15 weight percent. -   1.06 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the silica abrasive     which exhibits an acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry is     present in an amount selected from 2 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 5 wt.     %, 6 wt. %, 7 wt. %, 8 wt. %, 9 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 11 wt. %, 12 wt. %,     13 wt. %, 14 wt. %, 15 wt. %, 16 wt. %, 17 wt. %, 18 wt. %, 19 wt.     %, 20 wt. %. -   1.07 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the basic amino acid     has the L-configuration (e.g., L-arginine). -   1.08 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the basic amino acid     is arginine or lysine is in free form. -   1.09 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the basic amino acid     is provided in the form of a di- or tri-peptide comprising arginine     or lysine, or salts thereof. -   1.10 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the basic amino acid     is arginine or lysine, and wherein the arginine or lysine is present     in an amount corresponding to 1% to 15%, e.g., 3 wt. % to 10 wt. %     of the total composition weight, about e.g., 1.5%, 4%, 5%, or 8%,     wherein the weight of the basic amino acid is calculated as free     form. -   1.11 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     arginine from 0.1 wt. %-6.0 wt. %. (e.g., about 1.5 wt. %). -   1.12 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     arginine from about 1.5 wt. %. -   1.13 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     arginine from 4.5 wt. %-8.5 wt, % (e.g., 5.0%). -   1.14 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     arginine from about 5.0 wt. %. -   1.15 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     arginine from 3.5%-9 wt. %. -   1.16 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     arginine from about 8.0 wt. %. -   1.17 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     L-arginine. -   1.18 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is a     free form arginine. -   1.19 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the basic amino acid     is lysine 2% wt., 3% wt., 4% wt., 5% wt., 6% wt.), (e.g., 4% wt.). -   1.20 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     lysine from 1.0 wt.-6.0 wt. %. -   1.21 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     lysine from about 1.5 wt. %. -   1.22 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     lysine from about 4.0 wt. %. -   1.23 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     L-lysine. -   1.24 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     free form lysine. -   1.25 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     arginine or lysine in partially or wholly in salt form. -   1.26 Composition 1.25 wherein the amino acid is arginine phosphate. -   1.27 Composition 1.25 wherein the amino acid is arginine     hydrochloride. -   1.28 Composition 1.25 wherein the amino acid is arginine     bicarbonate. -   1.29 Composition 1.25 wherein the amino acid is lysine phosphate. -   1.30 Composition 1.25 wherein the amino acid is lysine     hydrochloride. -   1.31 Composition 1.25 wherein the amino acid is lysine bicarbonate. -   1.32 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the amino acid is     arginine or lysine ionized by neutralization with an acid or a salt     of an acid. -   1.33 Any of preceding compositions wherein the composition is     ethanol-free. -   1.34 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising a fluoride     source selected from: stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium     fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluorosilicate,     ammonium fluorosilicate, amine fluoride (e.g.,     N′-octadecyltrimethylendiamine-N,N,N-tris(2-ethanol)-dihydrofluoride),     ammonium fluoride, titanium fluoride, hexafluorosulfate, and     combinations thereof. -   1.35 The composition of 1.34, wherein the fluoride source is     stannous fluoride. -   1.36 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the fluoride source     is a fluorophosphate. -   1.37 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the fluoride source     is sodium monofluorophosphate. -   1.38 The composition of 1.34, wherein the fluoride source is sodium     fluoride. -   1.39 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the fluoride source     is a fluoride salt present in an amount of 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % (0.1     wt. %-0.6 wt. %) of the total composition weight (e.g., sodium     fluoride (e.g., about 0.32 wt. %) or sodium monofluorophosphate) -   1.40 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the fluoride source     is sodium fluoride in an amount about 0.32 wt. % based on the weight     of the composition. -   1.41 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the fluoride source     is a soluble fluoride salt which provides fluoride ion in an amount     of from 50 to 25,000 ppm (e.g., 750-2000ppm, e.g., 1000-1500 ppm,     e.g., about 1000 ppm, e.g., about 1450 ppm) -   1.42 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the fluoride source     is sodium fluoride which provides fluoride in an amount from     750-2000 ppm (e.g., about 1450 ppm). -   1.43 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the fluoride source     is selected from sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate and     which provides fluoride in an amount from 1000 ppm-1500 ppm. -   1.44 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the fluoride source     is sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate and which provides     fluoride in an amount of about 1450 ppm. -   1.45 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the pH is between 6.0     and 10.5, e.g., 7.0 to 9.0, e,g., about 8.0. -   1.46 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising calcium     carbonate. -   1.47 The composition of 1.46, wherein the calcium carbonate is a     precipitated calcium carbonate high absorption (e.g., 20% to 30% by     weight of the composition) (e.g., 25% precipitated calcium carbonate     high absorption). -   1.48 The composition of 1.47, further comprising a precipitated     calcium carbonate-light (e.g., about 10% precipitated calcium     carbonate-light) (e.g., about 10% natural calcium carbonate). -   1.49 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising an     effective amount of one or more alkali phosphate salts, e.g.,     sodium, potassium or calcium salts, e.g., selected from alkali     dibasic phosphate and alkali pyrophosphate salts, e.g., alkali     phosphate salts selected from sodium phosphate dibasic, potassium     phosphate dibasic, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, calcium     pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium     pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, disodium     hydrogenorthophoshpate, monosodium phosphate, pentapotassium     triphosphate and mixtures of any of two or more of these, in an     amount of 0.1-20%, e.g., 0.1-8%, e.g., e.g., 0.2 to 5%, e.g., 0.3 to     2%, e,g., 0.3 to 1%, e g about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 5%,     about 6%, by weight of the composition. -   1.50 Any of the preceding compositions comprising tetrapotassium     pyrophosphate, disodium hydrogenorthophosphate, monosodium     phosphate, and pentapotassium triphosphate. -   1.51 Any of the preceding compositions, wherein the composition     further comprises stannous pyrophosphate, wherein the stannous     pyrophosphate is from 0.1%-3% by wt. of the composition. (e.g.,     about 1% by wt. of the composition). -   1.52 Any of the preceding compositions comprising a polyphosphate. -   1.53 The composition of 1.49, wherein the polyphosphate is     tetrasodium pyrophosphate. -   1.54 The composition of 1.53, wherein the tetrasodium pyrophosphate     is from 0.1-1.0 wt. % (e.g., about 0.5 wt. %). -   1.55 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising a second     abrasive or particulate (e.g., silica). -   1.56 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the second abrasive     silica is synthetic amorphous silica. (e.g., 1%-28% by wt.) (e.g.,     8%-25% by wt.) -   1.57 Any of the preceding composition wherein the silica abrasives     are silica gels or precipitated amorphous silicas, e.g. silicas     having an average particle size ranging from 2.5 microns to 12     microns. -   1.58 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising a small     particle silica having a median particle size (d50) of 1-5 microns     (e.g., 3-4 microns) (e.g., about 5 wt. % Sorbosil AC43 from PQ     Chemicals, Warrington, United Kingdom). -   1.59 Any of the preceding compositions wherein 20-30 wt. % of the     total silica in the composition is small particle silica (e.g.,     having a median particle size (d50) of 3-4microns) and wherein the     small particle silica is about 5 wt. % of the oral care composition. -   1.60 Any of the preceding compositions comprising silica wherein the     silica is used as a thickening agent, e.g., particle silica. -   1.61 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising a nonionic     surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant is in an amount of from     0.5-5%, e.g., 1-2%, selected from poloxamers (e.g., poloxamer 407),     polysorbates polysorbate 20), polyoxyl hydrogenated castor oil     (e.g., polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil), and mixtures thereof. -   1.62 Any of the preceding compositions, wherein the poloxamer     nonionic surfactant has an average polyoxypropylene molecular mass     (Mw) of from 3000 to 5000 g/mol and a polyoxyethylene content of     from 60 to 80 mol %, e.g., the poloxamer nonionic surfactant     comprises poloxamer 407. -   1.63 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising glycerin,     wherein the glycerin is in a total amount of 25-40% (e.g., about     35%). -   1.64 The composition of 1.63, wherein the glycerin is in an amount     of about 35% by wt. of the composition. -   1.65 The composition of 1.63, wherein the glycerin is in an amount     of about 26% by wt. of the composition. -   1.66 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising sorbitol,     wherein the sorbitol is in a total amount of 10-40% (e.g., about     23%). -   1.67 The composition of 1.66, wherein the sorbitol is in an amount     of about 13% by wt. of the composition. -   1.68 The composition of any of 1.63-1.67, wherein the glycerin is an     amount of about 26% by wt., and the sorbitol is in an amount of     about 13% by wt. -   1.69 Any of the preceding compositions, wherein the ratio of the     amount of zinc oxide (e.g., wt. %) to zinc citrate (e.g., wt. %) is     from 1.5:1 to 4.5:1 (e.g., 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 3.5:1, or 4:1). -   1.70 Any of the preceding compositions, wherein the zinc citrate is     in an amount of from 0.25 to 1.0 wt. % (e.g., 0.5 wt. %) and zinc     oxide may be present in an amount of from 0.75 to 1.25 wt. % (e.g.,     1.0 wt. %) based on the weight of the oral care composition. -   1.71 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the zinc citrate is     about 0.5 wt. %. -   1.72. Any of the preceding compositions wherein the zinc oxide is     about 1.0 wt. %. -   1.73 Any of the preceding compositions where the zinc citrate is     about 0.5 wt. % and the zinc oxide is about 1.0 wt. %. -   1.74 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising an     additional ingredient selected from: benzyl alcohol,     Methylisothizolinone (“MIT”), Sodium bicarbonate, sodium methyl     cocoyl taurate (tauranol), lauryl alcohol, and polyphosphate. -   1.75 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the benzyl alcohol is     present from 0.1-0.6 wt. %., (e.g., 0.1-0.4 wt. %) e.g. about 0.1     wt. %, about 0.2 wt. %, or about 0.3 wt. %. -   1.76 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the benzyl alcohol is     about 0.1 wt. %. -   1.77 Any of the preceding compositions wherein the benzyl alcohol is     considered a preservative. -   1.78 Any of the preceding compositions comprising polymer films. -   1.79 Any of the preceding compositions comprising flavoring,     fragrance and/or coloring. -   1.80 The composition of 1.65, wherein the flavoring agent is sodium     saccharin, sucralose, or a mixture thereof. -   1.81 Any of the preceding compositions, wherein the composition     comprises a thickening agents selected from the group consisting of     carboxyvinyl polymers, xanthan gum, carrageenan, hydroxyethyl     cellulose and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers (e.g., sodium     carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl     cellulose). -   1.82 Any of the preceding compositions, wherein the compositions     comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (e.g., from 0.5 wt. %-1.5     wt. %) -   1.83 Any of the preceding compositions comprising from 5%-40%, e.g.,     10%-35%, e.g., about 15%, 25%, 30%, and 35% water. -   1.84 Any of the preceding compositions comprising an additional     antibacterial agent selected from halogenated diphenyl ether (e.g.     triclosan), herbal extracts and essential oils (e.g., rosemary     extract, tea extract, magnolia extract, thymol, menthol, eucalyptol,     geraniol, carvacrol, citral, honokiol, catechol, methyl salicylate,     epigallocatechin gallate, epigailocatechin, gallic acid, miswak     extract, sea-buckthorn extract), bisguanide antiseptics (e.g.,     chlorhexidine, alexidine or octenidine), quaternary ammonium     compounds (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), benzalkonium     chloride, tetradecylpyridinium chloride (TPC),     N-tetradecyl-4-ethylpyridinium chloride (TDEPC)), phenolic     antiseptics, hexetidine, octenidine, sanguinarine, povidone iodine,     delmopinol, salifluor, metal ions (e.g., zinc salts and zinc     compounds, for example, Zinc Chloride, Zinc Lactate, Zinc Sulfate,     Zinc Oxide, stannous salts, copper salts, iron salts), sanguinarine,     propolis and oxygenating agents (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, buffered     sodium peroxyborate or peroxycarbonate), phthalic acid and its     salts, monoperthalic acid and its salts and esters, ascorbyl     stearate, oleoyl sarcosine, alkyl sulfate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate,     salicylanilide, domiphen bromide, delmopinol, octapinol and other     piperidine derivatives, nicin preparations, chlorite salts; and     mixtures of any of the foregoing. -   1.85 Any of the preceding compositions comprising an antioxidant,     e.g., selected from the group consisting of Co-enzyme Q10, PQQ,     Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin A, anethole-dithiothione, and mixtures     thereof. -   1.86 Any of the preceding compositions comprising a whitening agent. -   1.87 Any of the preceding compositions comprising a whitening agent     selected from a whitening active selected from the group consisting     of peroxides, metal chlorites, perborates, percarbonates,     peroxyacids, hypochlorites, and combinations thereof. -   1.88 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising hydrogen     peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide source, e.g., urea peroxide or a     peroxide salt or complex (e.g., such as peroxyphosphate,     peroxycarbonate, perborate, peroxysilicate, or persulphate salts;     for example calcium peroxyphosphate, sodium perborate, sodium     carbonate peroxide, sodium peroxyphosphate, and potassium     persulfate), or hydrogen peroxide polymer complexes such as hydrogen     peroxide-polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer complexes. -   1.89 Any of the preceding compositions further comprising an agent     that interferes with or prevents bacterial attachment, e.g., ethyl     lauryl arginate (ELA) or chitosan. -   1.90 Any of the preceding compositions comprising:     -   a. about 1.0% zinc oxide     -   b. about 0.5% zinc citrate     -   c. about 1.5% L-arginine     -   d. about 0.32% sodium fluoride;     -   e. about 3 wt. % to 15 wt. % silica abrasive which exhibits an         acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry (e.g., prophy silica)         (e.g., Sylodent 783) -   1.91 Any of the preceding compositions comprising:     -   a. about 1.0% zinc oxide     -   b. about 0.5% zinc citrate     -   c. about 5% L-arginine     -   d. about 0.32% sodium fluoride     -   e. about 10 wt. % to 15 wt. % silica abrasive which exhibits an         acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry (e.g., prophy silica)         (e.g., Sylodent 783), and -   1.92 Any of the preceding compositions comprising:     -   a. about 1.0% zinc oxide     -   b. about 0.5% zinc citrate     -   c. about 5% L-arginine     -   d. about 0.32% sodium fluoride;     -   e. about 3 wt. % to 15 wt. % silica abrasive which exhibits an         acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry. (e.g., prophy         silica) (e.g., Sylodent 783) -   1.93 Any of the preceding compositions comprising a silica, wherein     the silica is Zeodent 114. -   1.94 Any of the preceding compositions effective upon application to     the oral cavity, e.g., by rinsing, optionally in conjunction with     brushing, to (i) reduce or inhibit formation of dental caries, (ii)     reduce, repair or inhibit pre-carious lesions of the enamel, e,g.,     as detected by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) or     electrical caries measurement (ECM), (iii) reduce or inhibit     demineralization and promote remineralization of the teeth, (iv)     reduce hypersensitivity of the teeth, (v) reduce or inhibit     gingivitis, (vi) promote healing of sores or cuts in the     mouth, (vii) reduce levels of acid producing bacteria, (viii) to     increase relative levels of arginolytic bacteria, (ix) inhibit     microbial biofilm formation in the oral cavity, (x) raise and/or     maintain plaque pH at levels of at least pH 5.5 following sugar     challenge, (xi) reduce plaque accumulation, (xii) treat, relieve or     reduce dry mouth, (xiii) clean the teeth and oral cavity (xiv)     reduce erosion, (xv) prevents stains and/or whiten teeth, (xvi)     immunize the teeth against cariogenic bacteria; and/or (xvii)     promote systemic health, including cardiovascular health, e.g., by     reducing potential for systemic infection via the oral tissues. -   1.95 Any of the preceding oral compositions, wherein the oral     composition may be any of the following oral compositions selected     from the group consisting of: a toothpaste or a dentifrice, a     mouthwash or a mouth rinse, a topical oral gel, and a denture     cleanser. -   1.96 A composition obtained or obtainable by combining the     ingredients as set forth in any of the preceding compositions. -   1.97 A composition obtained or obtainable by combining the     ingredients as set forth in any of the preceding compositions. -   1.98 A composition for use as set for in any of the preceding     compositions.

In another embodiment, the invention encompasses a method to improve oral health comprising applying an effective amount of the oral composition of any of the embodiments set forth above (e.g., any of Composition 1.0 et seq) to the oral cavity of a subject in need thereof, e.g.,

-   -   i. a method to reduce or inhibit formation of dental caries,         reduce, repair or inhibit early enamel lesions, e.g., as         detected by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) or         electrical caries measurement (ECM),     -   ii. reduce or inhibit demineralization and promote         remineralization of the teeth,     -   iii. reduce hypersensitivity of the teeth,     -   iv. reduce or inhibit gingivitis,     -   v. promote healing of sores or cuts in the mouth,     -   vi. reduce levels of acid producing bacteria,     -   vii. to increase relative levels of arginolytic bacteria,     -   viii. inhibit microbial bio film formation in the oral cavity,     -   ix. raise and/or maintain plaque pH at levels of at leas 5.5         following sugar challenge,     -   x. reduce plaque accumulation,     -   xi. treat dry mouth,     -   xii. enhance systemic health, including cardiovascular health,         e.g., by reducing potential for systemic infection via the oral         tissues,     -   xiii. Whiten teeth,     -   xiv. reduce erosion of the teeth,     -   xv. immunize (or protect) the teeth against cariogenic bacteria         and their effects, and/or     -   xvi. clean the teeth and oral cavity.

The invention further comprises the use of sodium bicarbonate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (tauranol), methylisothiazolinone, and benzyl alcohol and combinations thereof in the manufacture of a Composition of the Invention, e.g., for use in any of the indications set forth in the above method of Composition 1.0, et seq.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As used herein, the terms “oral composition” and “oral care composition” refer to the total composition that is delivered to the oral surfaces. The composition is further defined as a product which, during the normal course of usage, is not intended for systemic administration of particular therapeutic agents or intentionally swallowed; but rather, is retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact substantially all of the dental surfaces and/or oral tissues for the purposes of oral activity. Examples of such compositions include, but are not limited to, toothpaste or a dentifrice, a mouthwash or a mouth rinse, a topical oral gel, a denture cleanser, and the like.

As used herein, the term “dentifrice” means paste, gel, or liquid formulations unless otherwise specified. The dentifrice composition can be in any desired form such as deep striped, surface striped, multi-layered, having the gel surrounding the paste, or any combination thereof. Alternatively the oral composition is provided as a dual phase composition, wherein individual compositions are combined when dispensed from a separated compartment dispenser.

Basic Amino Acids

The basic amino acids which can be used in the compositions and methods of the invention include not only naturally occurring basic amino acids, such as arginine, lysine, and histidine, but also any basic amino acids having a carboxyl group and an amino group in the molecule, which are water-soluble and provide an aqueous solution with a pH of 7 or greater.

Accordingly, basic amino acids include, but are not limited to, arginine, lysine, serine, citrullene, ornithine, creatine, histidine, diaminobutanoic acid, diaminoproprionic acid, salts thereof or combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, the basic amino acids are selected from arginine, citrullene, and ornithine.

In certain embodiments, the basic amino acid is arginine, for example, L-arginine, or a salt thereof.

The compositions of the invention are intended for topical use in the mouth and so salts for use in the present invention should be safe for such use, in the amounts and concentrations provided. Suitable salts include salts known in the art to be pharmaceutically acceptable salts which are generally considered to be physiologically acceptable in the amounts and concentrations provided. Physiologically acceptable salts include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acids or bases, for example acid addition salts formed by acids which form a physiological acceptable anion, e.g., hydrochloride or bromide salt, and base addition salts formed by bases which form a physiologically acceptable cation, for example those derived from alkali metals such as potassium and sodium or alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium. Physiologically acceptable salts may be obtained using standard procedures known in the art, for example, by reacting a sufficiently basic compound such as an amine with a suitable acid affording a physiologically acceptable anion.

Fluoride Ion Source

The oral care compositions may further include one or more fluoride ion sources, e.g., soluble fluoride salts. A wide variety of fluoride ion-yielding materials can be employed as sources of soluble fluoride in the present compositions. Examples of suitable fluoride ion-yielding materials are found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,535,421, to Briner et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,155, to Parran, Jr. et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 3,678,154, to Widder et al., each of which are incorporated herein by reference. Representative fluoride ion sources used with the present invention (e.g., Composition 1.0 et seq.) include, but are not limited to, stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluorosilicate, ammonium fluorosilicate, amine fluoride, ammonium fluoride, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments the fluoride ion source includes stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate as well as mixtures thereof. Where the formulation comprises calcium salts, the fluoride salts are preferably salts wherein the fluoride is covalently bound to another atom, e.g., as in sodium monofluorophosphate, rather than merely ionically bound, e.g., as in sodium fluoride.

Surfactants

The invention may in some embodiments contain anionic surfactants, e.g., the Compositions of Composition 1.0, et seq., for example, water-soluble salts of higher fatty acid monoglyceride monosulfates, such as the sodium salt of the monosulfated monoglyceride of hydrogenated coconut oil fatty acids such as sodium N-methyl N-cocoyl taurate, sodium coca-glyceride sulfate; higher alkyl sulfates, such as sodium lauryl sulfate; higher alkyl-ether sulfates, e.g., of formula CH₃(CH₂)_(m)CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)_(n)OS0₃X, wherein m is 6-16, e.g., 10, n is 1-6, e.g., 2, 3 or 4, and X is Na or, for example sodium laureth-2 sulfate (CH₃(CH2)₁₀CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)₂OS0₃Na); higher alkyl aryl sulfonates such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate); higher alkyl sulfoacetates, such as sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (dodecyl sodium sulfoacetate), higher fatty acid esters of 1,2 dihydroxy propane sulfonate, sulfocolaurate (N-2-ethyl laurate potassium sulfoacetamide) and sodium lauryl sarcosinate. By “higher alkyl” is meant, e.g., C₆-₃o alkyl. In particular embodiments, the anionic surfactant (where present) is selected from sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium ether lauryl sulfate. When present, the anionic surfactant is present in an amount which is effective, e.g.,>0.001% by weight of the formulation, but not at a concentration which would be irritating to the oral tissue, e.g., 1%, and optimal concentrations depend on the particular formulation and the particular surfactant. In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is present at from 0.03% to 5% by weight, e.g., 1.5%.

Cationic surfactants useful in the present invention can be broadly defined as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium compounds having one long alkyl chain containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, di-isobutylphenoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, coconut alkyltrimethylammonium nitrite, cetyl pyridinium fluoride, and mixtures thereof. Illustrative cationic surfactants are the quaternary ammonium fluorides described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,535,421, to Briner et al., herein incorporated by reference. Certain cationic surfactants can also act as germicides in the compositions.

Illustrative nonionic surfactants of Composition 1.0, et seq., that can be used in the compositions of the invention can be broadly defined as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or alkylaromatic in nature. Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, the Pluronics, polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, products derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine, ethylene oxide condensates of aliphatic alcohols, long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides, long chain dialkyl sulfoxides and mixtures of such materials. In a particular embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a nonionic surfactant selected from polaxamers (e.g., polaxamer 407), polysorbates (e.g., polysorbate 20), polyoxyl hydrogenated castor oils (e.g., polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil), and mixtures thereof.

Illustrative amphoteric surfactants of Composition 1.0, et seq., that can be used in the compositions of the invention include betaines (such as cocamidopropylbetaine), derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be a straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains about 8-18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group (such as carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate), and mixtures of such materials.

Illustrative zwitterionic surfactants of Composition 1.0, et seq., that can be used in the compositions of the invention include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and sulfonium compounds in which the aliphatic radical can be a straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains about 8-18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group (such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate). The surfactant or mixtures of compatible surfactants can be present in the compositions of the present invention in 0.1% to 5%, in another embodiment 0.3% to 3% and in another embodiment 0.5% to 2% by weight of the total composition.

Flavoring Agents

The oral care compositions of the invention may also include a flavoring agent. Flavoring agents which are used in the practice of the present invention include, but are not limited to, essential oils and various flavoring aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and similar materials, as well as sweeteners such as sodium saccharin. Examples of the essential oils include oils of spearmint, peppermint, wintergreen, sassafras, clove, sage, eucalyptus, marjoram, cinnamon, lemon, lime, grapefruit, and orange. Also useful are such chemicals as menthol, carvone, and anethole. Certain embodiments employ the oils of peppermint and spearmint.

The flavoring agent is incorporated in the oral composition at a concentration of 0.01 to 1% by weight.

Chelating and Anti-Calculus Agents

The oral care compositions of the invention (e.g., Composition 1.0 et seq) also may include one or more chelating agents able to complex calcium found in the cell walls of the bacteria. Binding of this calcium weakens the bacterial cell wall and augments bacterial lysis.

Another group of agents suitable for use as chelating or anti-calculus agents in the present invention are the soluble pyrophosphates. The pyrophosphate salts used in the present compositions can be any of the alkali metal pyrophosphate salts. In certain embodiments, salts include tetra alkali metal pyrophosphate, dialkali metal diacid pyrophosphate, trialkali metal monoacid pyrophosphate and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkali metals are sodium or potassium. The salts are useful in both their hydrated and unhydrated forms. An effective amount of pyrophosphate salt useful in the present composition is generally enough to provide least 0.1 wt. % pyrophosphate ions, e.g., 0.1 to 3 wt. 5, e.g., 0.1 to 2 wt. %, e.g., 0.1 to 1 wt. %, e.g., 0.2 to 0.5 wt. %. The pyrophosphates also contribute to preservation of the compositions by lowering the effect of water activity.

Polymers

The oral care compositions of the invention (e.g., Composition 1.0, et seq.) also optionally include one or more polymers, such as polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid copolymers, polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose derivatives, for example carboxymethyl cellulose, or polysaccharide gums, for example xanthan gum or carrageenan gum). Acidic polymers, for example polyacrylate gels, may be provided in the form of their free acids or partially or fully neutralized water soluble alkali metal (e.g., potassium and sodium) or ammonium salts. Certain embodiments include 1:4 to 4:1 copolymers of maleic anhydride or acid with another polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer, for example, methyl vinyl ether (methoxyethylene) having a molecular weight (M.W.) of about 30,000 to about 1,000,000. These copolymers are available for example as Gantrez AN 139(M.W. 500,000), AN 1 19 (M.W. 250,000) and S-97 Pharmaceutical Grade (M.W. 70,000), of GAF Chemicals Corporation.

Other operative polymers include those such as the 1:1 copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinyl-2-pyrollidone, or ethylene, the latter being available for example as Monsanto EMA. No, 1 103, M.W. 10,000 and EMA Grade 61, and 1:1 copolymers of acrylic acid with methyl or hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl or ethyl acrylate, isobutyl vinyl ether or N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Suitable generally, are polymerized olefinically or ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids containing an activated carbon-to-carbon olefinic double bond and at least one carboxyl group, that is, an acid containing an olefinic double bond which readily functions in polymerization because of its presence in the monomer molecule either in the alpha-beta position with respect to a carboxyl group or as part of a terminal methylene grouping. Illustrative of such acids are acrylic, methacrylic, ethacrylic, alpha-chloroacrylic, crotonic, beta-acryloxy propionic, sorbic, alpha-chlorosorbic, cinnamic, beta-styrylacrylic, muconic, itaconic, citraconic, mesaconic, glutaconic, aconitic, alpha-phenylacrylic, 2-benzyl acrylic, 2-cyclohexylacrylic, angelic, umbellic, fumaric, maleic acids and anhydrides. Other different olefinic monomers copolymerizable with such carboxylic monomers include vinylacetate, vinyl chloride, dimethyl maleate and the like. Copolymers contain sufficient carboxylic salt groups for water-solubility.

A further class of polymeric agents includes a composition containing homopolymers of substituted acrylamides and/or homopolymers of unsaturated sulfonic acids and salts thereof, in particular where polymers are based on unsaturated sulfonic acids selected from acrylamnidoalykane sulfonic acids such as 2-acrylamide 2 methylpropane sulfonic acid having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 2,000,000, described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,847, Jun. 27, 1989 to Zahid, incorporated herein by reference.

Another useful class of polymeric agents includes polyamine acids, particularly those containing proportions of anionic surface-active amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid and phosphoserine, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,866,161 Sikes et al., incorporated herein by reference.

In preparing oral care compositions, it is sometimes necessary to add some thickening material to provide a desirable consistency or to stabilize or enhance the performance of the formulation. In certain embodiments, the thickening agents are carboxyvinyl polymers, carrageenan, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Natural gums such as karaya, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth can also be incorporated. Colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica can be used as component of the thickening composition to further improve the composition's texture. In certain embodiments, thickening agents in an amount of about 0.5% to about 5.0% by weight of the total composition are used.

Abrasives

Generally, the inclusion of abrasives in dentifrice formulations is necessary for effective cleaning of teeth by brushing. It has been determined that by including an abrasive silica having an acid pH in the composition, compositions of enhanced viscosity stability are obtained. Prophy silica available from Grace, offered as Sylodent™, can be used with various embodiments of the present invention (e.g., Composition 1.0 et seq).

The acidic silica abrasive is included in the dentifrice components at a concentration of about 2 to about 35% by weight; about 3 to about 20% by weight, about 3 to about 15% by weight, about 10 to about 15% by weight. For example, the acidic silica abrasive may be present in an amount selected from 2 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 4% wt. %, 5 wt. %, 6 wt. %, 7 wt. %, 8 wt. %, 9 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 11 wt. %, 12 wt. %, 13 wt. %, 14 wt. %, 15 wt. %, 16 wt. %, 17 wt. %, 18 wt. %, 19 wt. %, 20 wt. %.

A commercially available acidic silica abrasive is Sylodent 783 available from W. R. Grace & Company, Baltimore, Md. Sylodent 783 has a pH of 3.4-4.2 when measured as a 5% by weight slurry in water. For use in the present invention, the silica material has an average particle size of less than 10 microns, e.g., 3-7 microns, e.g. about 5.5 microns. For example a small particle silica may have an average particle size (D50) of 2.5-4.5 microns.

The composition may also include any silica suitable for oral care compositions, such as precipitated silicas or silica gels. For example synthetic amorphous silica. Silica may also be available as a thickening agent, e.g., particle silica. For example, the silica can also be small particle silica (e.g., Sorbosil AC43 from PQ Corporation, Warrington, United Kingdom). However the additional abrasives are preferably not present in a type or amount so as to increase the RDA of the dentifrice to levels which could damage sensitive teeth, e.g., greater than 130.

The invention may also comprise a commercially available cleaning silica in certain embodiments of the invention (e.g., any of Composition 1.0, et seq). Zeodent 114 offered by J.M. Huber Finland Oy Telakkatie 5 FIN-49460 Hamina, is one such commercially available silica.

Water

Water is present in the oral compositions of the invention. Water, employed in the preparation of commercial oral compositions should be deionized and free of organic impurities. Water commonly makes up the balance of the compositions and includes 5% to 45%, e.g., 10% to 20%, e.g., 25-35%, by weight of the oral compositions. This amount of water includes the free water which is added plus that amount which is introduced with other materials such as with sorbitol or silica or any components of the invention. The Karl Fischer method is a one measure of calculating free water.

Humectants

Within certain embodiments of the oral compositions (e.g., Composition 1.0 et seq), it is also desirable to incorporate a humectant to reduce evaporation and also contribute towards preservation by lowering water activity. Certain humectants can also impart desirable sweetness or flavor to the compositions. The humectant, on a pure humectant basis, generally includes 15% to 70% in one embodiment or 30% to 65% in another embodiment by weight of the composition.

Suitable humectants include edible polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, propylene glycol as well as other polyols and mixtures of these humectants. Mixtures of glycerin and sorbitol may be used in certain embodiments as the humectant component of the compositions herein.

The present invention in its method aspect involves applying to the oral cavity a safe and effective amount of the compositions described herein.

The compositions and methods according to the invention (e.g., Composition 1.0 et seq) can be incorporated into oral compositions for the care of the mouth and teeth such as toothpastes, transparent pastes, gels, mouth rinses, sprays and chewing gum.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides an oral care composition comprising: a basic amino acid in free or salt wherein the amino acid is selected from arginine, lysine, and a combination thereof; a combination of zinc ion sources; and a thickening system comprising: from about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether; and from about 0.25 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum. In other embodiments, the present invention provides an oral care composition comprising: a basic amino acid in free or salt wherein the amino acid is selected from arginine, lysine, and a combination thereof; a combination of zinc ion sources; and a thickening system comprising: from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether; and from about 0.25 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum.

Some embodiments provide compositions comprising a nonionic cellulose ether having a molecular weight of from about 650,000 to about 750,000. Other embodiments provide compositions comprising a nonionic cellulose ether having a molecular weight of about 700,000. While other embodiments provide compositions comprising a nonionic cellulose ether having a molecular weight of about 720,000.

In some embodiments, the nonionic cellulose ether comprises hydroxyethylcellulose. In further embodiments, the oral care composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.75 wt. % of hydroxyethylcellulose. Still further embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of hydroxyethylcellulose. Yet other embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising about 0.1 wt. %, about 0.15 wt. %, about 0.2 wt. %, about 0.25 wt. %, about 0.3 wt. %, about 0.35 wt. %, about 0.4 wt. %, about 0.45 wt. % or about 0.5 wt. % of hydroxyethylcellulose. Certain embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising 0.1 wt. %, 0.15 wt. %, 0.2 wt. %, 0.25 wt. %, 0.3 wt. %, 0.35 wt. %, 0.4 wt. %, 0.45 wt. % or 0.5 wt. % of hydroxyethylcellulose.

In some embodiments, the hydroxyethylcellulose has a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of about 4500 to about 7500 cps. In some embodiments, the hydroxyethylcellulose has a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of about 4500 to about 6500 cps. In some embodiments, the hydroxyethylcellulose has a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of about 6000 to about 7500 cps.

In some embodiments, the hydroxyethylcellulose having a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of about 4500 to about 6500, is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, of the oral care composition. In some embodiments, the hydroxyethylcellulose having a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of from about 4500 to about 6500 cps, is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, of the total composition. In some embodiments, the hydroxyethylcellulose having a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of about 4500 to about 6500 cps, is present in an amount of about 0.1 wt. %, about 0.15 wt. %, about 0.2 wt. %, about 0.25 wt. %, about 0.3 wt. %, about 0.35 wt. %, about 0.4 wt. %, about 0.45 wt. % or about 0.5 wt. % of the oral care composition.

Some embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising hydroxyethylcellulose having a molecular weight of about 700,000, e.g. 720,000, in the amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, of the oral care composition. Other embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising 0.05 wt. %, 0.1 wt. %, 0.15 wt. %, 0.2 wt. %, 0.25 wt. %, 0.3 wt. %, 0.35 wt. %, 0.4 wt. %, 0.45 wt. % or 0.5 wt. % of a hydroxyethylcellulose having a molecular weight of about 700,000, e.g. 720,000.

Some embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising hydroxyethylcellulose having a molecular weight of about 350,000, in the amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, of the oral care composition. Other embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising 0.05 wt. %, 0.1 wt. %, 0.15 wt. %, 0.2 wt. %, 0.25 wt. %, 0.3 wt. %, 0.35 wt. %, 0.4 wt. %, 0.45 wt. % or 0.5 wt. % of a hydroxyethylcellulose having a molecular weight of about 350,000.

In some embodiments, the polysaccharide gum is xanthan gum. In further embodiments, the oral care composition comprises from about 0.3 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of xanthan gum. In other embodiments, the oral care composition comprises from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of xanthan gum. In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises from about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of xanthan gum. Yet other embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising from about 0.6 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. % of xanthan gum. In further embodiments, the oral care composition comprises from about 0.7 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % of xanthan gum. Still further embodiments provide oral care compositions comprising about 0.1 wt. %, 0.2 wt. %, 0.3 wt. %, 0.4 wt. % 0.5 wt. %, 0.6 wt. %, 0.7 wt. %, 0.8 wt. %, 0.9 wt. % or 1 wt. %, of a polysaccharide gum, e.g. xanthan gum.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides an oral care composition comprising: a basic amino acid in free or salt wherein the amino acid is selected from arginine, lysine, and a combination thereof; a combination of zinc ion sources; and a thickening system comprising: from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether; and from about 0.5 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum. In some embodiments, the present invention provides an oral care composition comprising: a basic amino acid in free or salt wherein the amino acid is selected from arginine, lysine, and a combination thereof; a combination of zinc ion sources; and a thickening system comprising: from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether; and from about 0.7 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum.

In some embodiments, the thickening system further comprises from about 5 wt. % to about 10 wt. % silica. In some embodiments, the thickening system comprises from about 0.5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of the oral care composition.

In certain embodiments, the hydroxyethylcellulose and the polysaccharide gum are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:1 to about 1:10, in other embodiments, the hydroxyethylcellulose and the polysaccharide gum are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:2 to about 1:9. Yet other embodiments provide compositions wherein the hydroxyethylcellulose and the polysaccharide gum are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:3 to about 1:7.

In some embodiments, the oral care composition further comprises a fluoride ion source selected from sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, and stannous fluoride.

In some embodiments, the oral care composition comprises about 1.0 wt. % zinc oxide; about 0.5 wt. % zinc citrate; about 1.5 wt. % L-arginine; from about 0.3 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of xanthan gum; and from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of hydroxyethylcellulose. Some embodiments comprise from about 0.6 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. % of xanthan gum. Some embodiments comprise from about 0.7 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % of xanthan gum.

In further embodiments, the oral care composition loses no more than about 45% of its initial viscosity after one year. In some embodiments, the oral care composition loses no more than about 40% of its initial viscosity after one year. In other embodiments, the oral care composition loses no more than about 35% of its initial viscosity after one year, In yet other embodiments, the oral care composition loses no more than about 30% of its initial viscosity after one year. In some embodiments, the oral care composition loses no more than about 25%, 24%, 23%, 22%, 21% or 20% of its initial viscosity after one year.

In some embodiments, the oral care composition has a G′/G″ ratio of greater than 0.5. In some embodiments, the oral care composition has a G′/G″ ratio of greater than 0.75. In some embodiments, the oral care composition has a G′/G″ ratio of greater than 1. In some embodiments, the oral care composition has a G′/G″ ratio of greater than 1.5. In some embodiments, the oral care composition has a G′/G″ ratio of less than 2. In some embodiments, the oral care composition has a G′/G″ ratio of less than 1.5. In some embodiments, the oral care composition has a G′/G″ ratio of less than 1. Methods of quantifying the elastic modulus (G′), the loss modulus (G″) and G′/G″ ratios are described, for example, in WO 2013/089734 A1, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention provide a consistency, K, less than 30 Pa*s^(n). In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention provide a flow index, n, of greater than 0.3. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention provide a consistency, K, less than 30 Pa*s^(n) and a flow index, n, of greater than 0.3. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention provide a consistency, K, less than 30 Pa*s^(n); a flow index, n, of greater than 0.3; and a G′/G″ ratio of less than 2. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention provide a flow index, n, of greater than 0.3; and a G′/G″ ratio of less than 2. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention provide a consistency, K, less than 30 Pa*s^(n); and a G′/G″ ratio of less than 2.

In some embodiments, the oral care compositions of the present invention provide a yield stress greater than 20 Pa. In some embodiments, the oral care compositions of the present invention provide a yield stress greater than 25 Pa. In other embodiments, the oral care compositions of the present invention provide a yield stress greater than 30 Pa. Yet further embodiments, provide oral care compositions that demonstrate a yield stress greater than 35 Pa. In some embodiments, the oral care compositions of the present invention provide a yield stress greater than 40 Pa.

Some embodiments provide compositions having a drainage time of less than about 10 minutes when draining 3 kg of an intermediate product (gel pre-mix) from a tank of 21 cm in diameter through a 1 mm wide bottom opening at negative pressure of −0.95 bar. Other embodiments provide compositions having a drainage time of less than about 9 minutes. Further embodiments provide compositions having a drainage time of less than about 8 minutes. Yet other embodiments provide compositions having a drainage time of less than about 7 minutes, 6 minutes, 5 minutes, 4 minutes, 3 minutes, 2 minutes or 1 minute.

Some embodiments provide compositions demonstrating less than 300 grams of left-overs. Other embodiments provide compositions demonstrating less than 275 grams of left-overs. Further embodiments provide compositions demonstrating less than 250 grams of left-overs. Yet other embodiments provide compositions demonstrating less than 225 grams of left-overs. Still further embodiments provide compositions demonstrating less than 200 grams of left-overs. While other embodiments provide compositions demonstrating less than 175 grams, 150 grams, 125 grams, 100 grams or 50 grams of left-overs. Certain embodiments provide compositions demonstrating a drainage time of less than 10 minutes and less than 225 grams of left-overs.

As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range. In addition, all references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. In the event of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and that of a cited reference, the present disclosure controls. It is understood that when formulations are described, they may be described in terms of their ingredients, as is common in the art, notwithstanding that these ingredients may react with one another in the actual formulation as it is made, stored and used, and such products are intended to be covered by the formulations described.

The following examples further describe and demonstrate illustrative embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples are given solely for illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of this invention as many variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

EXAMPLES Example 1

The examples herein detail how the viscosity over time for a composition which exhibits a problem of rapid reduction in viscosity (Run A), is compared to five compositions which show the stabilized viscosity provided by the invention (Compositions 1-5 in Table 1).

Viscosity is measured on a Brookfield HADV2 viscometer using a V74 vane spindle. This viscometer applies a user-controlled angular velocity to the spindle, typically measured in rotations per second (RPM), and reports torque on the shaft of the spindle. Viscosity is then calculated from RPM and torque as explained in the Brookfield Manual (Operating Instructions) using too conversion parameters SRC (shear rate constant) and SMC (spindle multiplier constant). The conversion parameters are defined as follows: SMC=290, SRC=0.2723. The test is performed at room temperature, and varies between 22 and 25° C. During the test, RPM of the spindle is swept from 200 to 0.5 in 12 steps, 10 seconds per step. The viscosity reading reported is taken at RPM=1.

Compositions containing zinc oxide, zinc citrate, arginine and a fluoride source are prepared as described in Table 1, below. All compositions are formulated to provide a 10% pH of 8-8.5 using 0-0.35% phosphoric acid. The composition identified as Run A does not contain a silica abrasive which exhibits an acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry. The compositions identified as Compositions 1-5 in Table 1 (below) contain a silica abrasive which exhibits an acid pH (Prophy Silica-Sylodent 783) when measured as an aqueous slurry in varying amounts, as detailed below.

TABLE 1 Dentifrice Formulations Experiment ID INGREDIENTS Run A Composition 1 Composition 2 Composition 3 Composition 4 Composition 5 99.0%-101.0% 35 35 35 35 35 35 GLYCERIN - USP, EP VEG DEMINERALIZED Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. WATER PROPHY SILICA 0 15 10 5 5 3 (SYLODENT 783) ABRASIVES (e.g., 20 5 10 15 15 17 includes Abrasive silcas, High Cleaning Silicas) SILICA- 6.5 7 7 7 7 7 THICKENER ANIONIC 2 2 2 2 2 2 SURFACTANT L-ARGININE 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 AMPHOTERIC 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 SURFACTANT NON-IONIC 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 SURFACTANT ZINC OXIDE 1 1 1 1 1 1 POLYMER 1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 COLORANT 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 ALKALI 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 PHOSPHATE SALT ZINC CITRATE 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 TRIHYDRATE PRESERVATIVE 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 SODIUM 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 FLUORIDE - USP, EP 85% SYRUPY 0.35 0 0 0 0 0 PHOSPHORIC ACID - FOOD GRADE FLAVORING AGENT 2 2 2 2 1.82 1.52 TOTAL COMPONENTS 100 100 100 100 100 100

The composition identified as Run A displays an initial viscosity which is initially 500,000 cps to 600,00 cps high, but decreases to under 400,000 cps in 2 weeks, and under 200,000 cps at 6 weeks. Surprisingly, the compositions containing a silica abrasive which exhibits an acid pH (Prophy Silica Sylodent 783) when measured as an aqueous slurry, Compositions 1 to 5 in Table 1 (above), eliminate this undesirable characteristic and instead produce viscosities that are stable or increase over time (See, Table 2 below).

TABLE 2 Viscosity data Experiment ID Compo- Compo- Compo- Compo- Compo- Run A sition 1 sition 2 sition 3 sition 4 sition 5 Time Viscosity (cps) 0 491040 363489 1 d  539119 211912 300155 272475 5 d  601597 309816 1 wk 627362 288561 383245 371651 2 wk 433485 340733 328495 403212 364565 3 wk 343310 314325 334292 4 wk 224794 395483 304019 430909 423823 5 wk 375515 338801 322698 6 wk 193233 376804 344598 334292 406432 442503 7 wk 334292 9 wk 387753 10 wk  351039 364565 11 wk  158451 373583 381956 12 wk  405788 357480 13 wk  405788 398059 393550

Upon further investigation, it was found that the silica abrasive which exhibits an acid pH when measured as an aqueous slurry silica is acidic (pH 3.4-4.2) does not require phosphoric acid to adjust the product pH. Other abrasive silicas and high cleaning silicas are about neutral in pH (pH 7-8) and thus, require phosphoric acid for pH adjustment.

TABLE 3 Compo- Compo- Compo- sition 6 sition 7 sition 8 Demineralized Water Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Glycerin - 99.5% 35 35 35 Polymer 1.2 1.2 1.2 Zinc Oxide 1 1 1 Zinc Citrate 0.5 0.5 0.5 Alkali Phosphate Salt 0.5 0.5 0.5 Flavoring agent 1.82 1.82 1.82 Sodium Fluoride 0.32 0.32 0.32 Colorant 0.75 0.75 0.75 L-Arginine 1.5 1.5 1.5 Non-Ionic Surfactant 0.5 0.5 0.5 Abrasives (e.g., 8 10 12 includes Abrasive Silcas, High Cleaning Silicas) Prophy silica (Sylodent 783) 7 5 3 Silica - thickener 7 7 8.5 Preservative 0.4 0.4 0.4 Anionic Surfactant 5.7 5.7 5.7 Amphoteric Surfactant 1.25 1.25 1.25 Total Components 100 100 100

Upon further investigation, when phosphoric acid is removed from further formulations (Compositions 6-8 in Table 3, above), they demonstrate improvement in viscosity stability, and this viscosity trend remained relatively stable from day 1 to 4 weeks when tested at: room temperature, 40° C. and 49° C. The data is further detailed in Table 4 below.

TABLE 4 Composition 6 Composition 7 Composition 8 Viscosity, Viscosity, Viscosity, 10³ cps 10³ cps 10³ cps 40° 49° 40° 49° 40° 49° RT C. C. RT C. C. RT C. C. 0 471 324 336 0.14 370 197 268 1 363 418 390 200 227 258 230 256 263 2 360 430 440 201 243 269 220 250 258 3 325 205 246 245 228 277 274 4 314 412 385 224 253 253 227 268 272 6 327 218 233

Example 2

Table 5 (below) describes the formulas of three exemplary compositions of the present invention (Compositions 9, 10 and 11) and a comparative example (Comparative Example I).

TABLE 5 Compo- Compo- Compo- Comparative sition 9 sition 10 sition 11 Example I Ingredient Wt % GLYCERIN 35.00000  26.00000 26.00000 35.00000  SORBITOL — 13.00000 13.00000 — WATER 30.90474  27.82474 27.62474 30.84874  SILICA ABRASIVE 1 10.00000  10.00000 10.00000 10.00000  SILICA-THICKENER 7.00000 6.00000 6.00000 7.00000 SILICA ABRASIVE 2 5.00000 5.00000 5.00000 5.00000 Na-LAURYL 2.10526 2.10526 2.10526 2.10526 SULFATE GRANULES Flavor 1.50000 1.50000 1.50000 1.50000 L-ARGININE 1.50000 1.50000 1.50000 1.50000 COCAMIDOPROPYL 1.25000 1.25000 1.25000 1.25000 BETAINE ZINC OXIDE 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 TITANIUM DIOXIDE 0.75000 0.75000 0.75000 — XANTHAN GUM 0.60000 0.30000 0.30000 0.40000 SODIUM CMC — — — 1.10000 HYDROXYETHYL- 0.50000 0.80000 1.00000 — CELLULOSE (HEC)* TETRASODIUM 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 PYROPHOSPHATE ZINC CITRATE 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 TRIHYDRATE POLOXAMER 407 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 BENZYL ALCOHOL 0.40000 0.40000 0.40000 0.40000 85% PHOSPHORIC 0.35000 0.35000 0.35000 0.35000 ACID SODIUM 0.32000 0.32000 0.32000 0.32000 FLUORIDE - USP, EP Sweeteners 0.32000 0.40000 0.40000 0.42000 Additional Colorants — — — 0.30600 *HEC having a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of 6000 to 7500 cps

Example 3

Table 6 (below) describes the results of viscosity and static yield stress evaluations preformed on an exemplary composition of the present invention and a reference formula.

Viscosity and Yield Stress are measured on a Brookfield HADV2 viscometer using V74 vane spindle 1.176 cm in length and 0.589 cm in diameter. This viscometer applies a user-controlled angular velocity to the spindle, typically measured in rotations per second (RPM), and reports torque, T %, measured in the percentage of the maximum total torque on the shaft of the spindle. The torque, T, measured in SI units, N*m, is related to T % as reported by the above mentioned viscometer as T=1.437*10⁻⁵*T %.

The tests are performed at room temperature (22 to 25° C.). During the test 0.5 RPM of the spindle is first rotated for 400 sec and then RPM is swept from 0.5 to 200 and back to 0.5 in 12 logarithmical steps each way, 10 seconds per step. The viscosity reading is taken at RPM=1 on the decreasing RPM sweep. Viscosity is then calculated from RPM and T as explained in the Brookfield Manual (Operating Instructions) using two conversion parameters SRC (shear rate constant) and SMC (spindle multiplier constant). In this case, the conversion parameters are defined as follows: SMC=290, SRC=0.27.

Static Yield Stress (YS) is calculated as a fitting parameter by fitting experimental T(RPM) dependence on increasing RPM sweep with the theoretical one which was calculated assuming the so-called Casson constitutive equation and is implicitly given by the following equation:

${RPM} = {\frac{15}{\pi}{\int_{YS}^{SW}{\frac{\left( {S^{n} - {YS}^{n}} \right)^{1/n}}{{HSV}*S}{dS}}}}$

where HSV (high-shear viscosity limit) is another fitting parameter, n=0.3, and SW is the stress on the imaginary wall encompassing the vane which is estimated as follows:

${SW} = \frac{2T}{\pi \; {{LD}^{2}\left( {1 + \frac{D}{3L}} \right)}}$

T(RPM) is calculated from these two equations numerically. Only data points with RPM from 5 to 200 and T % between 3 and 100 are fitted.

Days after Viscosity at Static Yield Manufacturing 1 RPM (cP) Stress (Pa) Comparative Example I 1 442984 152 21 277573 161 30 202798 133 37 203931 99 90 167110 94 365 226817 40 Composition 11 1 609528 161 14 527956 184 44 425990 187 75 431088 199 290 493401 250

The data described in Table 6 (above) demonstrates the unexpected stabilizing effects provided by the inventive thickening systems of the present invention. Importantly, these effects are observed over an extended period of time, rather than being transient in nature.

Example 4

Table 7 (below) describes the formulas of two additional compositions of the present invention (Compositions 12 and 13) and another comparative formula (Comparative Example II.

TABLE 7 Compo- Compo- Comparative sition 12 sition 13 Example II Ingredient Wt % GLYCERIN — 26.000000  35.000000  SORBITOL 39.000000  13.000000  — SUCRALOSE — — 0.020000 WATER 27.824737  28.244737  30.848737  SODIUM SACCHARIN 0.400000 0.400000 0.400000 ABRASIVE SILICA 10.000000  10.000000  10.000000  SILICA-THICKENER 6.000000 6.000000 7.000000 AMORPHOUS SILICA 5.000000 5.000000 5.000000 Na-LAURYL 2.105263 2.105263 2.105263 SULFATE GRANULES Flavor 1.500000 1.500000 1.500000 L-ARGININE 1.500000 1.500000 1.500000 COCAMIDOPROPYL 1.250000 1.250000 1.250000 BETAINE ZINC OXIDE 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 TITANIUM DIOXIDE 0.750000 — 0.300000 XANTHAN GUM 0.300000 0.300000 0.400000 SODIUM CMC — — 1.100000 HYDROXYETHYL 0.800000 1.000000 — CELLULOSE (HEC)* TETRASODIUM 0.500000 0.500000 0.500000 PYROPHOSPHATE ZINC CITRATE 0.500000 0.500000 0.500000 TRIHYDRATE POLOXAMER 407 0.500000 0.500000 0.500000 BENZYL ALCOHOL 0.400000 0.400000 0.400000 85% PHOSPHORIC ACID 0.350000 0.350000 0.350000 SODIUM 0.320000 0.320000 0.320000 FLUORIDE - USP, EP Additional Colorants — 0.130000 0.006000 *HEC having a viscosity at 2% in water, of 6000 to 7500 cps at 25° C.

Example 5

Table 8 (below) describes the percentage change in viscosity loss and loss of static yield stress for two exemplary compositions of the present invention (Compositions 12 and 13) and a comparative composition (Comparative Example II). Viscosity and Static Yield Stress were calculated in accordance with the methods described in Example 3 herein.

TABLE 8 Viscosity Loss Loss of Static Yield Stress Composition (1 Year) (After 1 Year) Composition 12 19% Stable Composition 13 21% Stable Comparative Example II 49% 73%

The data described in Table 8 (above) not only shows that compositions of the present invention demonstrate less viscosity loss and static yield stress loss than a comparative composition, but it also demonstrates that the benefits are reproducible.

Example 6

Table 9 (below) describes another exemplary backbone for oral care compositions of the present invention comprising—inter alia—a basic amino acid in free or salt form (e.g. L-arginine); and a combination of zinc ion sources.

TABLE 9 Ingredient Wt. % L-Arginine 1.50 Zinc Citrate Trihydrate 0.50 Sodium Fluoride 0.32 Non-ionic surfactant 0.50 Alkali Phosphate salt 0.50 Zinc Oxide 1.00 Saccharin 0.40 Colorant 0.75 Silica Abrasives 15.00 Silica thickener 7.50 Anionic surfactant 2.00 Flavoring agent 1.52 Preservative 0.40 Amphoteric surfactant 1.25

Added to this backbone were the various combinations of water, a nonionic cellulose ether (hydroxyethylcellulose [HEC]); and a polysaccharide gum (xanthan gum), described in Table 10 (below).

TABLE 10 Water Glycerin Xanthan Gum HEC** Composition Wt. % 14 32.78 32.78 0.3 1 15 33.03 33.03 0.3 0.5 16 32.83 32.83 0.2 1 17 32.86 32.86 0.35 0.8 18 32.91 32.91 0.45 0.6 19 32.71 32.71 0.25 1.2 20 33.08 33.08 0.55 0.15 21 32.93 32.93 0.5 0.5 22 32.88 32.88 0.5 0.6 23 32.91 32.91 0.55 0.5 **HEC having a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of 4500 to 6500 cps

Toothpastes were prepared from each of the combinations described in Table 10 (above) by first creating a gel comprising water, glycerin, xanthan gum and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC); and then combining each gel with the remaining components (see Table 9) in a Ross double planetary mixer. The rheological profiles of both the gel pre-mixes and the toothpaste end products are evaluated.

Table 11 (below) describes exemplary gel pre-mixes of the present invention. Although not shown in Table 11, the gel pre-mixes also included water and glycerin in equal amounts.

TABLE 11 Xanthan Gum HEC** Composition Wt. % A 0.9 0.2 B 0.7 0.35 C 0.6 0.5 D 0.55 0.6 E 0.5 0.7 F 0.45 0.8 G 0.7 0.7 H 0.8 0.5 I 1 0.3 J 1.2 0.15 K 1.1 0 L 0.9 0 M 1.05 0.15 N 0.9 0.1 O 0.85 0.3 P 0.9 0.4 Q 0.7 0.5 R 0.45 0.35 S 0.3 0.4 T 0.25 1.2 U 0.4 0.6 V 0.55 0.15 W 0.68 0.25 X 0.6 0.45 **HEC having a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of 4500 to 6500 cps

Example 7

The processability of the gel pre-mixes described in Table 11 (above) evaluated by flowing a sample gel through a gel tank exposed to negative pressure (at room temperature), and characterizing each sample in terms of “drainage time” and “left-overs”. In these experiments 3 kg of the gel is being drained from a tank of 21 cm in diameter through a 1 mm wide bottom opening at negative pressure of (−)0.95 bar, “Drainage time” is defined as the time elapsed between the start of the flow from the inlet and the time at which air begins to enter the outlet (at the bottom) of the gel tank. The material remaining in the gel tank is collected and weighed to determine “left-overs”. The results of these evaluations are described in Table 12 (below)

TABLE 12 Composition Left-overs (g) Drainage Time (min) A 473 24 B 494 13 C 335 38.5 D 341 45 E 846 65 F 765 85 G 1062.5 78 H 533 60 I 607 40 J 879 48 K 642 13 L 384 8.5 M 637 28 N 409.5 15.5 O 474 33 P 591 46 Q 370 33 R 128 13 S 92.6 4.5 T 1106 n/a U 347 28 V 101 2

Example 8

Static Yield Stress (YS) of toothpastes prepared by adding the combinations described in Table 10 (above) to the backbone described in Table 9 (above) was calculated as follows. Measurements are performed on ARG2 rheometer by TA Instrument using a cylindrical cup and vane upper geometry. The measurements were performed in the same containers, in which the samples were aged. Those were standard 50 cc centrifuge tubes, available from VWR, into which the samples were placed at the time of preparation. Then the samples were consolidated by centrifuging at low rotations in the centrifuge so as to remove air pockets and aged directly in these tubes at room temperature (RT) or at 49° C. for up to 2 months. Before the measurements the heated tubes were allowed to cool for 2 hours at RT and then inserted directly into the cup of the rheometer. To avoid the tubes mobility in the cup, they were wrapped with a thin layer of tape. The vane was inserted into the tubes and samples measured directly inside them. The measurement procedure closely mimicked the one described above for Brookfield viscometer, i.e., a constant shear rate of 0.05 sec⁻¹ was applied for 400 sec and followed by shear rate sweeps up and down from 0.1 to 30 sec⁻¹. Here shear rate is calculated from angular velocity of the vane, Ω, following TA instruments conventions as follows:

$S = {\frac{1 + k^{2}}{1 - k^{2}}\Omega}$

where k is the ratio of the diameter of the vane to the diameter of the tube. Torque, T, on the shaft of the vane was measured. Yield stress was calculated by fitting T(Ω) with the theoretical function calculated assuming Casson constitutive equation and implicitly given by the following equation:

$\Omega = {\frac{1}{2}{\int_{{SW}\; 0}^{SW}{\frac{\left( {S^{n} - {YS}^{n}} \right)^{1/n}}{{HSV}*S}{dS}}}}$

where HSV (high-shear viscosity limit) is another fitting parameter, n=0.2, and SW is the stress on the imaginary wall encompassing the vane which is estimated as follows:

${SW} = \frac{2T}{\pi \; {{LD}^{2}\left( {1 + \frac{D}{3L}} \right)}}$

and SW0 is the largest of the two values: YS and k²SW. Note that the exponent n used to process these data is different from the one used to process Brookfield data above (0.2 instead of 0.3) to accommodate a wide range of shear rates as measured by a rheometer.

The results are described below in Table 13.

TABLE 13 Composition YS (Pa) 14 40.2 15 9.5 16 17.6 17 30.3 18 39.1 19 35.8 20 24.9 21 27.7 22 33.2 23 39.1

As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range. In addition, all references cited herein are hereby incorporated by referenced in their entireties. In the event of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and that of a cited reference, the present disclosure controls.

Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and amounts expressed herein and elsewhere in the specification should be understood to refer to percentages by weight. The amounts given are based on the active weight of the material.

While the present invention has been described with reference to embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An oral care composition comprising: a. a basic amino acid in free or salt form wherein the basic amino acid is selected from arginine, lysine, and a combination thereof, b. a combination of zinc ion sources: and c. a thickening system comprising: i. from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether: and ii. from about 0.25 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum.
 2. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic cellulose ether has a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of from about 4500 to about 7500 cps.
 3. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic cellulose ether has a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of from about 4500 to about 6500 cps.
 4. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic cellulose ether has a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of from about 6000 to about 7500 cps.
 5. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether.
 6. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether.
 7. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether.
 8. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising 0.1 wt. %, 0.15 wt. %, 0.2 wt. %, 0.25 wt. % or 0.3 wt. % of a nonionic cellulose ether.
 9. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic cellulose ether comprises hydroxyethylcellulose.
 10. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.3 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum.
 11. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.4 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum.
 12. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum.
 13. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.6 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum.
 14. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising about 0.3 wt. %, 0.4 wt. %, 0.5 wt. %, 0.6 wt. %, 0.7 wt. %, 0.8 wt. %, 0.9 wt. % or 1 wt. % of a polysaccharide gum.
 15. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide gum is xanthan gum.
 16. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the thickening system further comprises from about 5 wt. % to to about 10 wt. %
 17. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the thickening system comprises from about 0.5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of the oral care composition.
 18. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic cellulose ether and the polysaccharide gum are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:1 to about 1:10.
 19. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic cellulose ether and the polysaccharide gum are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:2 to about 1:10.
 20. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic cellulose ether and the polysaccharide gum are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:3 to about 1:10.
 21. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic cellulose ether and the polysaccharide gum are present in a weight ratio of 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, or 1:9.
 22. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the combination of zinc ion sources comprises zinc oxide and zinc citrate.
 23. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid is arginine, and is present at about 1.5 wt. %, 5 wt. %, or about 8 wt. %, of the oral care composition.
 24. The oral care composition according to claim 22, wherein the weight ratio of zinc oxide to zinc citrate is about 2:1.
 25. The oral care composition according to claim 22, wherein the zinc citrate is in an amount of about 0.5 wt. % and zinc oxide is present in an amount of about 1.0 wt. % based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
 26. The oral care composition according to claim 1, further comprising a fluoride ion source selected from sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, and stannous fluoride.
 27. The oral care composition according to claim 26, wherein the fluoride ion source provides soluble fluoride in an amount of about 1450 ppm.
 28. The oral care composition according to claim 26, wherein the fluoride ion source comprises stannous fluoride.
 29. The oral care composition according to claim 1, comprising: a. about 1.0 wt. % zinc oxide b. about 0.5 wt. % zinc citrate c. about 1.5 wt. % L-arginine d. from about 0.3 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. % of xanthan gum; and e. from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of hydroxyethylcellulose.
 30. The oral care composition according to claim 29, comprising from about 0.6 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % of xanthan gum.
 31. The oral care composition according to claim 29, comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.3 wt. % of hydroxyethylcellulose.
 32. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the oral care composition is in a form selected from: a toothpaste, a mouthwash, and a gel.
 33. The oral care composition according to claim 1, having a static yield stress greater than about 20 Pa, 25 Pa, 30 Pa, 35 Pa, or 40 Pa.
 34. The oral care composition according to claim 1, having a drainage time of less than about 10 minutes, about 9 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 6 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 3 minutes or about 2 minutes.
 35. The oral care composition according to claim 1, demonstrating less than about 225 grams of left-overs.
 36. The oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the oral care composition loses no more than about 25% of its initial viscosity after one year.
 37. A method to improve oral health comprising applying an effective amount of the oral care composition according to claim 1 to the oral cavity of a subject in need thereof, wherein the method is effective to: i. reduce or inhibit formation of dental caries, ii. reduce, repair or inhibit early enamel lesions, e.g., as detected by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) or electrical caries measurement (ECM), iii. reduce or inhibit demineralization and promote remineralization of the teeth, iv. reduce hypersensitivity of the teeth, v. reduce or inhibit gingivitis, vi. promote healing of sores or cuts in the mouth, vii. reduce levels of acid producing bacteria, viii. to increase relative levels of arginolytic bacteria, ix. inhibit microbial bio film formation in the oral cavity, x. raise and/or maintain plaque pH at levels of at least 5.5 following sugar challenge, xi. reduce plaque accumulation, xii. treat dry mouth, xiii. enhance systemic health, including cardiovascular health, xiv. whiten teeth, xv. reduce erosion of the teeth, xvi. immunize (or protect) the teeth against cariogenic bacteria and their effects, and/or xvii. clean the teeth and oral cavity. 